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Abbreviations
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ADC = Analog to Digital Converter
CPU = Central Processor Unit
CISC = Complex Instruction Set Computing, processors with large instruction set, e.g. more than 100
DAC = Digital to Analog Converter
EEPROM = Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory, a read cycle is just as fast as ram, but write or erase is slower.
EPROM = Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, erased by UV light thru a window
FPU = Floating Point Unit, processor for fast math.
GAL = Generic Array Logic
ICE = In Circuit Emulator, a hardware CPU emulator/debugger.
IC = Integrated Circuit, or micro-chip
MIMD = Multible Instruction Multible Data
MPU = Micro Processor Unit
MUX = Multi plexer, a digital or analog switch.
OTP = One Time Programmable, mostly normal EPROM types without the window.
PAL = Programmable Array Logic
PEEL = Programmable Electrically Erasable Logic ???
PPI = Programmable Peripheral Interface, almost all port IC's are PPI
PIO = Parallel Input Output
RISC = Reduced Instruction Set Computing, processors with small instruction set, e.g. from 30 to 80
SISD = Single Instruction Single Data
RAM = Random Access Memory, read & write memory.
ROM = Read Only Memory.
SIO = Serial Input Output, see UART
UART = Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, the serial port IC

SERIAL = one signal line, transfering bits in timely sequence,
PARALLEL = each I/O-line represents a digital bit and can be set high or low timely in parallel with the others
TRISTATE = an Output line with the capability to be disabled and then goes in a high impedance state.